Caves

Welcome to the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site, a place that feels like stepping back in time. This extraordinary area is renowned for its unmatched universal significance, boasting fossil-rich caves that offer a fascinating glimpse into the stages of human evolution over the past four million years. It holds the title of the world's richest early hominin site, housing around 40% of the known fossils of our ancient ancestors. Imagine walking where the earliest humans once roamed! But that's not all this area has to offer. The Cradle of Humankind is also teeming with diverse wildlife, from rare birds to unique plants, some of which are endangered. It's a paradise for nature enthusiasts and history buffs alike. For those looking to explore further, the site offers guided tours that take you through the intricate cave systems. You'll learn about the significant discoveries made here and the ongoing research that continues to unravel the story of human origins. Plus, the surrounding landscape is breathtakingly beautiful, with rolling hills and serene vistas that are perfect for a leisurely hike or a picnic under the African sky.

Due to its position on the Mid-Atlantic ridge, Iceland is one of the most active volcanic regions in the world. Its unique geological conditions make for some awe-inspiring rock formations, both beneath the surface as well as above it. Various tube caves—formed by magma flowing underneath the earth's surface after lava has solidified overhead—can safely be explored through guided excursions year-round. For safety reasons, different caves are explored during different seasons. The most commonly visited caves are the Gjábakkahellir Cave near Þingvellir National Park in the summer months, and the Leiðarendi Cave in the Bláfjöll area in wintertime. https://www.inspiredbyiceland.com/things-to-do/activities/caving/

Spanning a vast 15,000 square meters, the Exotic Garden is a lush paradise brimming with a thousand varieties of cacti and succulent plants, each boasting stems or hypertrophic leaves that cleverly store water. These fascinating plants hail from the world's major semi-arid regions, yet they still manage to burst into bloom with vibrant flowers. The garden comes alive during the principal flowering seasons: winter, from January to February, when South African succulents like Aloe and Crassula show off their colors, and spring and summer, when cacti, native to the Americas, steal the spotlight. Towering trees line the garden's paths, silently narrating the history of this remarkable collection. It was Prince Albert I who dreamed up this botanical wonderland, and it opened its gates to the public in February 1933. In the 1960s, a botanical center and specialist tree nursery were added, further enhancing its allure. Today, it stands as one of the Principality's most cherished tourist destinations. Nestled at the base of the cliff where the Exotic Garden perches, known as "the observatory" for its long-standing astronomical observatory, lies a captivating subterranean chamber. This chamber, situated 100 meters above sea level, is a marvel of nature. Water infused with carbon dioxide has carved the limestone rock into a stunning labyrinth of caverns adorned with geological masterpieces: stalactites, stalagmites, draperies, columns, and soda straws. Entry to the Exotic Garden includes expert-guided tours of this mystical cave. The tour takes visitors on a journey from a depth of 98 meters to 40 meters, covering around 300 steps. The chamber descends nearly to sea level and is a favorite haunt for local cavers. Evidence of prehistoric humans residing in the cave region is revealed through the animal bones left behind from their meals. These remnants also serve as a testament to the climate changes that have occurred over the past 250,000 years. If you’re a history buff or a nature enthusiast, this garden offers a captivating glimpse into both the distant past and the vibrant present. For more fascinating insights and to plan your visit, check out the Exotic Garden's official website.

The underground cavity has the longest horizontal run of the Region of Murcia and its more than 700 meters long. It has different astonishing rooms and spectacular rock formations with three fantastic audiovisual shows. Locution and synchronized lighting with LED technology and exciting walkways all provided. Also specialized guides for excursions. The Cueva del Puerto Reception Centre of Calasparra has a cafeteria, a multipurpose hall also used for conferences, interpretative room, terraces for activities, parking lots, cave tourism centre, etc. https://www.murciaturistica.es/en/monument/cueva-del-puerto-5270/

John Gray’s crew cares about you and nature; they speak a decent to exciting English and will tell you a lot about what you are about to see and discover. Boats never get crowded, and food on board is excellent. You’ll be asked to respect Nature around you as much as they do, which means no touching, no loud talking and of course no smoking while you are exploring the famous ‘Hongs’ (enclosed lagoons, usually only accessible through a narrow tunnel when tides permit). They also try to avoid crowded places: a Hong with a hundred canoes in it is not exactly a grand vision of nature at its best. On the way, you will be amazed to see the size and the amount of these fantastic limestone formations rising straight up from the sea and covered with dense vegetation. While moving from one island to another, the crew will throw some chicken bits in the air, and dozens ‘Bramany Kites’ (some Sea Eagles) will flock and dive behind the boat. https://www.phuket101.net/kayaking-in-phang-nga-bay/

Nestled in the heart of central Europe, the Moravian Karst stands as a dazzling natural masterpiece, ready to captivate anyone who ventures its way. This sprawling karst area, the largest in the region, is a mesmerizing blend of nature and mystery. At its core lies the legendary Macocha Abyss, plunging 138 meters deep and shrouded in spine-tingling myths and stories that have echoed through the ages. This abyss isn't just a geological marvel; it's a gateway to the rich folklore of the area, making it an unforgettable highlight of the Czech Republic. But the adventure doesn't stop there. Beyond the abyss, the Moravian Karst offers a labyrinth of caves and underground rivers, perfect for those with a thirst for exploration. The Punkva Caves, for instance, are a must-see, where visitors can glide on boats over subterranean waters and marvel at the stunning stalactites and stalagmites. It's a place where every corner reveals a new wonder, leaving you in awe of nature's artistry. Whether you're a seasoned traveler or someone looking for a new experience, the Moravian Karst promises a journey filled with awe and wonder. It's not just a destination; it's an experience that imprints itself on your soul, urging you to share its magic with everyone you meet.

The salt mining is located about 2 km from the city, in the salt massif of Valcele – Slatinele, at 240 m depth and represents, by the microclimate of salt, an important natural factor of cure used to treat respiratory diseases. The main feature of the microclimate of the mine is the constancy of physical, chemical and microbiological parameters (without daily or seasonal variations), unlike outside air. The climatic parameters of Romanian's salt mining are temperature( approx. 12 ° - 13 °), relative humidity (approx. 60-80%), airflow speed reduced (almost imperceptible), air pressure is similar to the outside pressure or with little difference. http://www.uvisitromania.com/tourist-attractions/bacau/salt-mine-of-targu-ocna-id573

Take some time away from the heat of the day in the eerie, underground caverns of the Cueva Can Marça in Puerto de San Miguel. Spookily silent and illuminated in strange colours, the formations of stalagmites and stalactites make for a Jurassic backdrop to the tour of the cavernous galleries. Originally used by smugglers to store contraband, the marks they used to guide them in the dead of night can still be seen on the walls. At the heart is a spectacular music and light show with a 10 metre cascade of water. Visitors also get to see the magnificent views out to sea from openings hewn into the cliff side. https://www.ibiza-spotlight.com/activity/can-marca-caves

Located in the Maros regency in the province of South Sulawesi, the Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park is a mere 50 km from Makassar or 20 km from the Sultan Hasanuddin international airport. The Bantimurung National Park has a total area of approximately 43,750 hectares and is divided into three major types of ecosystems, namely the karst ecosystems, a lowland forest ecosystem, and a lower montane forest ecosystem. The valleys of limestone hills and steep karts walls with tropical vegetation have made Bantimurung an ideal habitat for various rare and endemic species of butterflies, birds and insects. Although there are not as many butterflies today as there were during Wallace’s expedition, visitors can still observe the wide variety of butterflies within the Butterfly Conservation Captivity managed by the Center for Butterfly Breeding. Within the national park, visitors can also find a butterfly museum which houses thousands of unique and rare butterflies that have and still inhabit the area. By the butterfly center, the fascinating Bantimurung waterfall draws visitors with its powerful rush of water and refreshing atmosphere. This is a favourite holiday destination, especially on weekends. https://www.indonesia.travel/gb/en/destinations/sulawesi/makassar/bantimurung-bulusaraung-national-park

The Perfume Pagoda, known locally as Chua Huong or ‘inner temple’, is at the centre of a very revered and sacred site featuring a maze of mainly Buddhist temples built into the limestone cliffs of Huong Tich. At the heart of this complex lies the Perfume Temple or Perfume Pagoda in the Huong Tich Cave. It is believed that the first temple was built here in the 15th century, although legend declares that the site was actually discovered over 2,000 years ago by a Buddhist monk who was meditating nearby. The mountain foothills are an area of great natural and spiritual beauty filled with streams, tropical plants and temples. There are many pagodas to visit, each offering a different shrine, most of which are Buddhist although one or two are animist. The Perfume Pagoda attracts pilgrims and tourists seeking good luck from the stalagmites and stalactites inside the cave which have been named according to the individual blessing they can bestow. Dun Tien offers prosperity and Nui Co offers the chance of giving birth to a girl whilst Dun Gao translates as a ‘rice stack’ to those hoping for a bountiful harvest. http://www.vietnam-guide.com/hanoi/perfume-pagoda.htm

The world's largest limestone mine. An endless maze of galleries with caves as large as cathedrals and narrow paths where an adult man cannot walk upright. An enormous 60 km labyrinth of passageways with caverns as large as a cathedral, and narrow tunnels where you have to walk doubled up. 2 km of the passageways are lit. A multi-media presentation shows the history of the mines. Exhibitions and films tell about bats, geology and mining. Groups are granted admission all the year round with prior reservation. Guided tours in Danish, English and German can be arranged. https://www.visitviborg.com/viborg/plan-your-trip/monsted-limestone-mines-gdk601327

Phong Nha – Ke Bang National Park - is a national park in Quang Binh province in central Vietnam with an area of 885 km². The National Park has the oldest karst mountains in Asia, which has formed about 400 million years ago. There are hundreds of caves, underground rivers and long underground passages with stalactites and stalagmites. In 2005 the park has been discovered a new species of gecko. The park has about 300 caves and caverns with a total length of 70 km. British and Vietnamese scientists have examined 20 km. There are many underground rivers, streams and waterfalls in the park. Phong Nha - Ke Bang included on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Serious exploration of the caves began only in the 1990s when it first Cavers forced deep into Phong Nha Cave, one of the longest cave systems in the world. Paradise Cave was discovered in 2005, and in 2009 a team found the world's largest cave - the Son Doong. In 2015, the public was given access to two cave systems. Serious exploration of the caves began only in the 1990s when it first Cavers forced deep into Phong Nha Cave, one of the longest cave systems in the world. Paradise Cave was discovered in 2005, and in 2009 a team found the world's largest cave - the Son Doong. In 2015, the public was given access to two cave systems. https://www.vietnamsite.nl/phongnhakeeng.htm

Mother Shipton’s is a beloved Knaresborough landmark and England’s oldest visitor attraction, open since 1630. This popular visitor attraction tells the story of Mother Shipton and the Petrifying Well. A picturesque mile-long walk along the River Nidd features the cave where famous Yorkshire prophetess Mother Shipton was born. It is situated next to the Petrifying Well, a unique geological phenomenon. Over hundreds of years, curiosity has drawn millions of visitors to the well to see cascading water turn everyday objects to stone - as if by magic. People around the world visit the park, a remnant of the Royal Forest of Knaresborough with some of the oldest, tallest beech trees in the country. Mother Shipton was born in a cave in 1488 and grew up around Knaresborough. As she grew older, her prophecies became known throughout England. She foretold the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 and the Great Fire of London in 1666. She made her living telling the future and warning those who asked of what was to come. Great for all ages, there’s fun for families in the adventure playground, scenic picnic areas, interactive trails and actors during events, and petrified objects displayed in the museum and gift shop. https://www.visityork.org/explore/mother-shiptons-cave-p841711

The limestone of the Picardy plateau was dug out in many places to form refuges. These refugees were called "muches" (hideouts in Picard language). Those in Naours, rediscovered at the end of the last century, are the largest known: all the underground areas combined can house around 2,600 people with their livestock. The layout is remarkable: around 300 chambers, public squares, stables, wells, chimneys, and a chapel with three naves. These underground areas were used by the British forces during the First World War and were used as the headquarters of the German forces during the second world war. Exhibitions of traditional trades. In the park: games, 2 windmills from the 18th century. http://www.visit-amiens.com/tourinsoft/details/en_patrimoineculturel/PCUPIC0800010624/PCU

The following is a first person account of one woman’s visit to explore the mysterious cave of the Maya underworld at Actun Tunichil Muknal – also known as the ATM Cave. This attraction is located in the western part of the country and is one of the more interesting places to visit. The ATM cave is a hiking and adventure experience with the added dimension of being an educational trip for those interested in archaeology. Here you will find Maya artefacts just the way they were left by the Mayas hundreds of years ago. The cave is ranked as one of the Top Ten Caves Of The World by the National Geographic Society. National Geographic and the Discovery Channels and History have done documentaries on this spectacular cave. https://belize.com/actun-tunichil-muknal/

Nestled in Da Nang, the Marble Mountains are a mesmerizing cluster of five limestone and marble hills. This enchanting spot is not only a natural wonder but also a cherished pilgrimage site, brimming with peaks, caves, tunnels, and temples just begging to be explored. Each mountain is named after one of the five elements: metal, wood, water, fire, and earth. The area, about 9 km south of Da Nang, is famous for its stone-cutting and sculpture, making it a unique blend of natural beauty and human craftsmanship. As you wander through the caves, you’ll stumble upon intriguing secrets, like bullet holes that whisper stories from the past when troops would spy on US soldiers unwinding at My Khe Beach below. The caves and grottoes also feature remarkable buildings and offer a serene atmosphere with Buddhist sanctuaries and places of worship scattered across the mountains. This spiritual haven attracts many visitors seeking tranquility and reflection. One of the most fascinating features is a special circular cave. This unique formation leads you on a journey to the summit, where you're rewarded with breathtaking panoramic views that stretch as far as the eye can see. The vista from the top is nothing short of awe-inspiring, offering a perfect blend of natural splendor and historical intrigue. While you're there, don’t miss out on the local delicacies sold by vendors near the entrance; they offer a delicious taste of the region's culinary flair.

Matka - A gorge in which a rich complex of mediaeval building survives, including churches, monasteries and remnants of a fortress (the mediaeval town of Matka).There are dozens of caves and a large number of endemic plants and animals. The Canyon covers an area of around 5.000ha and is located 15km south-west of Skopje. By its morphogenetic characteristic, it is a breakthrough gorge. Krastic form deserve particular attention here-ten caves with their length ranging between 20 and 176 meters and two vertical chasms with a depth up to 35 meters. Matka was one of the largest refugee centers during the glacial period resulting in the presence of a high number of relic and endemic plants, 20% are endemic or relic spices. Among Tertiary relics, the most significant are the Kozani violet and Italy's Ramonda (Ramonda Natalie). It is also important to mention that there are 77 species of Balkan endemic small butterflies in area of Matka Canyon, while 18 other species are new to the science. http://www.exploringmacedonia.com/matka-canyon.nspx

Nestled in the lush landscape of Whangarei, the Abbey Caves Reserve is a hidden treasure waiting to be explored. This captivating reserve is a natural wonderland with its sculptured limestone outcrops, towering bluffs, mysterious enclosed depressions, and intriguing sinkholes. At its heart are three remarkable caves: Organ, Middle, and Ivy, each offering their own unique adventure. As you wander through the reserve, you'll encounter two distinct areas of native bush, home to a thriving podocarp-hardwood forest. Among these trees, the puriri specimens stand out with their majestic presence. The history of Abbey Caves is as rich as its natural beauty. In the 1860s, Nathaniel and Amelia Clotworthy settled on 409 acres of this land. Their home, nestled among the limestone formations, bore a striking resemblance to an Irish abbey, which inspired the name. Although the house succumbed to a fire in 1920, its legacy lives on through the remains of a chimney and the poignant grave of one of the Clotworthy children from 1884. The land's journey continued when it was acquired by the Golden Bay Cement Company for mining purposes. However, in 1989, a new chapter began as the company sold the land to the City Council, transforming it into a cherished reserve for Whangarei's residents. For those with an adventurous spirit, the caves offer a thrilling exploration opportunity. Remember to bring a flashlight and sturdy shoes, as the caves can be quite dark and slippery. The reserve is also a fantastic spot for a picnic, with its serene natural surroundings providing the perfect backdrop for a relaxing day out. Whether you're an avid spelunker or simply someone who appreciates nature's artistry, Abbey Caves Reserve promises an unforgettable experience.

Spectacular Crystal Caves located in a Lush Tropical Forest. Fully guide by local guides. One of Caymans newest and most popular tourist attrations: Situated in a lush tropical forest in Northside, Grand Cayman, Cayman Crystal Caves is the island’s newest nature tourist attraction All visitors receive guided walking tours. Tours are approximately 1 ½ hours and take you through the surrounding tropical forest area and 3 caves spectacular caves. When you visit Cayman Crystal Caves, you will be escorted with a knowledgeable Tour Guide, and you will join us on an adventure exploration of “Cayman Down Under”. You will venture into amazing caves where you’ll see stalactite and stalagmite crystal structures and otherworldly formations, formed by single drops of water and the slow passage of time. Tour through the unique tropical forest nature, under which the caves formed. Amongst the forest and caves is captivating tropical plant and animal life, including strangler balsam trees, air plants, parrots, and bats…. Winner of the Governor's Award - The Tourism Industry Conservation Award One of the very highest rated top "Things To Do in Grand Cayman" https://www.visitcaymanislands.com/en-us/plan-your-trip/our-local-business/details/cayman-crystal-caves/2552